Results for 'A. M. Suardiaz A. Quantifier'

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  1. M. Abad Varieties of Three-valued.A. M. Suardiaz A. Quantifier - forthcoming - Studia Logica.
  2. Quantifying the subjective: Psychophysics and the geometry of color.Alistair M. C. Isaac - 2013 - Philosophical Psychology 26 (2):207 - 233.
    Early psychophysical methods as codified by Fechner motivate the development of quantitative theories of subjective experience. The basic insight is that just noticeable differences between experiences can serve as units for measuring a sensory domain. However, the methods described by Fechner tacitly assume that the experiences being investigated can be linearly ordered. This assumption is not true for all sensory domains; for example, there is no trivial linear order over all possible color sensations. This paper discusses key developments in the (...)
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  3.  1
    Quantifying the Human Mortality Costs of Patent-based Intellectual Property: How Many Premature Deaths are due to Patents?Joshua M. Pearce - forthcoming - Health Care Analysis:1-12.
    Patent-based intellectual property (IP) has come under progressively substantiative attack in the peer-reviewed literature as many studies have shown it retards innovation. In addition, the monopoly period no longer fits the innovation cycle. Although the vast majority of patents are not useful, patent proponents argue monopoly-based economic incentives are specifically necessary to fund medical technologies. Rather than use simple economics, quantifying human deaths has also been proposed as a means to guide public policies. Such an approach can be applied to (...)
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  4.  24
    Quantifying the Valuation of Animal Welfare Among Americans.Scott T. Weathers, Lucius Caviola, Laura Scherer, Stephan Pfister, Bob Fischer, Jesse B. Bump & Lindsay M. Jaacks - 2020 - Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 33 (2):261-282.
    There is public support in the United States and Europe for accounting for animal welfare in national policies on food and agriculture. Although an emerging body of research has measured animals’ capacity to suffer, there has been no specific attempt to analyze how this information is interpreted by the public or how exactly it should be reflected in policy. The aim of this study was to quantify Americans’ preferences about farming methods and the suffering they impose on different species to (...)
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  5.  86
    Second-Order Quantifier Elimination in Higher-Order Contexts with Applications to the Semantical Analysis of Conditionals.Dov M. Gabbay & Andrzej Szałas - 2007 - Studia Logica 87 (1):37-50.
    Second-order quantifier elimination in the context of classical logic emerged as a powerful technique in many applications, including the correspondence theory, relational databases, deductive and knowledge databases, knowledge representation, commonsense reasoning and approximate reasoning. In the current paper we first generalize the result of Nonnengart and Szałas [17] by allowing second-order variables to appear within higher-order contexts. Then we focus on a semantical analysis of conditionals, using the introduced technique and Gabbay’s semantics provided in [10] and substantially using a (...)
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  6.  38
    The Quantified Animal: Precision Livestock Farming and the Ethical Implications of Objectification.Ynte K. van Dam, Peter H. Feindt, Bernice Bovenkerk & Jacqueline M. Bos - 2018 - Food Ethics 2 (1):77-92.
    Precision livestock farming (PLF) is the management of livestock using the principles and technology of process engineering. Key to PLF is the dense monitoring of variegated parameters, including animal growth, output of produce (e.g. milk, eggs), diseases, animal behaviour, and the physical environment (e.g. thermal micro-environment, ammonia emissions). While its proponents consider PLF a win-win strategy that combines production efficiency with sustainability goals and animal welfare, critics emphasise, inter alia, the potential interruption of human-animal relationships. This paper discusses the notion (...)
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  7.  69
    Voting by Eliminating Quantifiers.Dov M. Gabbay & Andrzej Szałas - 2009 - Studia Logica 92 (3):365-379.
    Mathematical theory of voting and social choice has attracted much attention. In the general setting one can view social choice as a method of aggregating individual, often conflicting preferences and making a choice that is the best compromise. How preferences are expressed and what is the “best compromise” varies and heavily depends on a particular situation. The method we propose in this paper depends on expressing individual preferences of voters and specifying properties of the resulting ranking by means of first-order (...)
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  8.  33
    Is it logical to count on quantifiers? Dissociable neural networks underlying numerical and logical quantifiers.V. Troiani, J. Peelle, R. Clark & M. Grossman - 2009 - Neuropsychologia 47 (1):104--111.
    The present study examined the neural substrate of two classes of quantifiers: numerical quantifiers like ” at least three” which require magnitude processing, and logical quantifiers like ” some” which can be understood using a simple form of perceptual logic. We assessed these distinct classes of quantifiers with converging observations from two sources: functional imaging data from healthy adults, and behavioral and structural data from patients with corticobasal degeneration who have acalculia. Our findings are consistent with the claim that numerical (...)
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  9.  29
    The Quantified Animal: Precision Livestock Farming and the Ethical Implications of Objectification.Jacqueline M. Bos, Bernice Bovenkerk, Peter H. Feindt & Ynte K. Dam - forthcoming - Food Ethics.
    Precision livestock farming is the management of livestock using the principles and technology of process engineering. Key to PLF is the dense monitoring of variegated parameters, including animal growth, output of produce, diseases, animal behaviour, and the physical environment. While its proponents consider PLF a win-win strategy that combines production efficiency with sustainability goals and animal welfare, critics emphasise, inter alia, the potential interruption of human-animal relationships. This paper discusses the notion that the objectification of animals by PLF influences the (...)
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  10. New foundations for imperative logic I: Logical connectives, consistency, and quantifiers.Peter B. M. Vranas - 2008 - Noûs 42 (4):529-572.
    Imperatives cannot be true or false, so they are shunned by logicians. And yet imperatives can be combined by logical connectives: "kiss me and hug me" is the conjunction of "kiss me" with "hug me". This example may suggest that declarative and imperative logic are isomorphic: just as the conjunction of two declaratives is true exactly if both conjuncts are true, the conjunction of two imperatives is satisfied exactly if both conjuncts are satisfied—what more is there to say? Much more, (...)
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  11.  67
    Eli Hirsch , Quantifier Variance and Realism: Essays in Metaontology . Reviewed by. [REVIEW]J. T. M. Miller - 2013 - Philosophy in Review 33 (6):464-467.
    A review of Eli Hirsch, Quantifier Variance and Realism: Essays in Metaontology, Oxford University Press, 2011.
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  12.  43
    An index to quantify an individual's scientific research output.Geraint Rees - manuscript
    For the few scientists that earn a Nobel prize, the im-, D.J. Scalapino, G. Parisi, pact and relevance of their research work is unquestion- S.G. Louie, R. Jackiw, F. Wilczek able. Among the rest of us, how does one quantify the, C. Vafa, M.B. Maple, D.J. cumulative impact and relevance of an individual’s sci- Gross, M.S. Dresselhaus, S.W. Hawkentific research output? In a world of not unlimited reing. sources such quantification (even if potentially distaste- I argue that h is preferable (...)
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  13.  19
    Quantifier-free induction for lists.Stefan Hetzl & Jannik Vierling - 2024 - Archive for Mathematical Logic 63 (7):813-835.
    We investigate quantifier-free induction for Lisp-like lists constructed inductively from the empty list nil nil nil and the operation cons{\textit{cons}} cons, that adds an element to the front of a list. First we show that, for m1m \ge 1 m ≥ 1, quantifier-free mm m -step induction does not simulate quantifier-free (m+1)(m + 1) ( m + 1 ) -step induction. Secondly, we show that for all m1m \ge 1 m ≥ 1, quantifier-free mm m (...)
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  14.  29
    Products of modal logics. Part 2: relativised quantifiers in classical logic.D. Gabbay & V. Shehtman - 2000 - Logic Journal of the IGPL 8 (2):165-210.
    In the first part of this paper we introduced products of modal logics and proved basic results on their axiomatisability and the f.m.p. In this continuation paper we prove a stronger result - the product f.m.p. holds for products of modal logics in which some of the modalities are reflexive or serial. This theorem is applied in classical first-order logic, we identify a new Square Fragment of the classical logic, where the basic predicates are binary and all quantifiers are relativised, (...)
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  15.  36
    Quantified universes and ultraproducts.Alireza Mofidi & Seyed-Mohammad Bagheri - 2012 - Mathematical Logic Quarterly 58 (1-2):63-74.
    A quantified universe is a set M equipped with a Riesz space equation image of real functions on Mn, for each n, and a second order operation equation image. Metric structures 4, graded probability structures 9 and many other structures in analysis are examples of such universes. We define ultraproduct of quantified universes and study properties preserved by this construction. We then discuss logics defined on the basis of classes of quantified universes which are closed under this construction.
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  16.  56
    Validity rules for proportionally quantified syllogisms.Henry Albert Finch - 1957 - Philosophy of Science 24 (1):1-18.
    Since the time, about a century ago, when DeMorgan, Boole and Jevons, inaugurated the study of the logic of numerically definite reasoning, no one has been concerned to establish the validity rules for a very general type of numerically definite inference which is a strong analogue of the classical syllogism. The reader will readily agree that the traditional rules of syllogistic inference cannot even begin to decide whether the following proportionally quantified syllogism is a valid argument: at most 4/7 p (...)
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  17.  54
    Degrees of logics with Henkin quantifiers in poor vocabularies.Marcin Mostowski & Konrad Zdanowski - 2004 - Archive for Mathematical Logic 43 (5):691-702.
    We investigate some logics with Henkin quantifiers. For a given logic L, we consider questions of the form: what is the degree of the set of L–tautologies in a poor vocabulary (monadic or empty)? We prove that the set of tautologies of the logic with all Henkin quantifiers in empty vocabulary L*∅ is of degree 0’. We show that the same holds also for some weaker logics like L ∅(Hω) and L ∅(Eω). We show that each logic of the form (...)
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  18.  95
    Computational complexity of some Ramsey quantifiers in finite models.Marcin Mostowski & Jakub Szymanik - 2007 - Bulletin of Symbolic Logic 13:281--282.
    The problem of computational complexity of semantics for some natural language constructions – considered in [M. Mostowski, D. Wojtyniak 2004] – motivates an interest in complexity of Ramsey quantifiers in finite models. In general a sentence with a Ramsey quantifier R of the following form Rx, yH(x, y) is interpreted as ∃A(A is big relatively to the universe ∧A2 ⊆ H). In the paper cited the problem of the complexity of the Hintikka sentence is reduced to the problem of (...)
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  19.  44
    Relational Structures Constructible by Quantifier Free Definable Operations.Saharon Shelah & Mor Doron - 2007 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 72 (4):1283 - 1298.
    We consider the notion of bounded m-ary patch-width defined in [9], and its very close relative m-constructibility defined below. We show that the notions of m-constructibility all coincide for m ≥ 3, while 1-constructibility is a weaker notion. The same holds for bounded m-ary patch-width. The case m = 2 is left open.
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  20.  30
    On Lovely Pairs and the (∃ y ∈ P ) Quantifier.Anand Pillay & Evgueni Vassiliev - 2005 - Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic 46 (4):491-501.
    Given a lovely pair P ≺ M of models of a simple theory T, we study the structure whose universe is P and whose relations are the traces on P of definable (in ℒ with parameters from M) sets in M. We give a necessary and sufficient condition on T (which we call weak lowness) for this structure to have quantifier-elimination. We give an example of a non-weakly-low simple theory.
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  21. There is No Easy Road to Nominalism.M. Colyvan - 2010 - Mind 119 (474):285-306.
    Hartry Field has shown us a way to be nominalists: we must purge our scientific theories of quantification over abstracta and we must prove the appropriate conservativeness results. This is not a path for the faint hearted. Indeed, the substantial technical difficulties facing Field's project have led some to explore other, easier options. Recently, Jody Azzouni, Joseph Melia, and Stephen Yablo have argued that it is a mistake to read our ontological commitments simply from what the quantifiers of our best (...)
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  22.  76
    On the expressibility hierarchy of Magidor-Malitz quantifiers.Matatyahu Rubin & Saharon Shelah - 1983 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 48 (3):542-557.
    We prove that the logics of Magidor-Malitz and their generalization by Rubin are distinct even for PC classes. Let $M \models Q^nx_1 \cdots x_n \varphi(x_1 \cdots x_n)$ mean that there is an uncountable subset A of |M| such that for every $a_1, \ldots, a_n \in A, M \models \varphi\lbrack a_1, \ldots, a_n\rbrack$ . Theorem 1.1 (Shelah) $(\diamond_{\aleph_1})$ . For every n ∈ ω the class $K_{n + 1} = \{\langle A, R\rangle \mid \langle A, R\rangle \models \neg Q^{n + 1} (...)
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  23. Ambiguity and quantification.Ruth M. Kempson & Annabel Cormack - 1980 - Linguistics and Philosophy 4 (2):259 - 309.
    In the opening sections of this paper, we defined ambiguity in terms of distinct sentences (for a single sentence-string) with, in particular, distinct sets of truth conditions for the corresponding negative sentence-string. Lexical vagueness was defined as equivalent to disjunction, for under conditions of the negation of a sentence-string containing such an expression, all the relevant more specific interpretations of the string had also to be negated. Yet in the case of mixed quantification sentences, the strengthened, more specific, interpretations of (...)
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  24.  91
    Qualitative Stakeholder Analysis for the Development of Sustainable Monitoring Systems for Farm Animal Welfare.M. B. M. Bracke, K. H. De Greef & H. Hopster - 2005 - Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 18 (1):27-56.
    Continued concern for animal welfare may be alleviated when welfare would be monitored on farms. Monitoring can be characterized as an information system where various stakeholders periodically exchange relevant information. Stakeholders include producers, consumers, retailers, the government, scientists, and others. Valuating animal welfare in the animal-product market chain is regarded as a key challenge to further improve the welfare of farm animals and information on the welfare of animals must, therefore, be assessed objectively, for instance, through monitoring. Interviews with Dutch (...)
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  25.  74
    Descriptive complexity of finite structures: Saving the quantifier rank.Oleg Pikhurko & Oleg Verbitsky - 2005 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 70 (2):419-450.
    We say that a first order formula Φ distinguishes a structure M over a vocabulary L from another structure M' over the same vocabulary if Φ is true on M but false on M'. A formula Φ defines an L-structure M if Φ distinguishes M from any other non-isomorphic L-structure M'. A formula Φ identifies an n-element L-structure M if Φ distinguishes M from any other non-isomorphic n-element L-structure M'. We prove that every n-element structure M is identifiable by a (...)
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  26.  96
    Crash Testing an Engineering Framework in Neuroscience: Does the Idea of Robustness Break Down?M. Chirimuuta - 2017 - Philosophy of Science 84 (5):1140-1151.
    In this article, I discuss the concept of robustness in neuroscience. Various mechanisms for making systems robust have been discussed across biology and neuroscience. Many of these notions originate from engineering. I argue that concepts borrowed from engineering aid neuroscientists in operationalizing robustness, formulating hypotheses about mechanisms for robustness, and quantifying robustness. Furthermore, I argue that the significant disanalogies between brains and engineered artifacts raise important questions about the applicability of the engineering framework. I argue that the use of such (...)
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  27.  41
    Independence, order, and the interaction of ultrafilters and theories.M. E. Malliaris - 2012 - Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 163 (11):1580-1595.
    We consider the question, of longstanding interest, of realizing types in regular ultrapowers. In particular, this is a question about the interaction of ultrafilters and theories, which is both coarse and subtle. By our prior work it suffices to consider types given by instances of a single formula. In this article, we analyze a class of formulas φ whose associated characteristic sequence of hypergraphs can be seen as describing realization of first- and second-order types in ultrapowers on one hand, and (...)
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  28.  66
    Arithmetic definability by formulas with two quantifiers.Shih Ping Tung - 1992 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 57 (1):1-11.
    We give necessary conditions for a set to be definable by a formula with a universal quantifier and an existential quantifier over algebraic integer rings or algebraic number fields. From these necessary conditions we obtain some undefinability results. For example, N is not definable by such a formula over Z. This extends a previous result of R. M. Robinson.
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  29. Arnoud Bayart's Modal Completeness Theorems — Translated with an Introduction and Commentary.M. J. Cresswell - 2015 - Logique Et Analyse 229 (1):89-142.
    In 1958 Arnould Bayart, 1911-1998, produced a semantics for first and second-order S5 modal logic, and in 1959 a completeness proof for first-order S5, and what he calls a 'quasi-completeness' proof for second-order S5. The 1959 paper is the first completeness proof for modal predicate logic based on the Henkin construction of maximal consistent sets, and indeed may be the easier application of the Henkin method even to propositional modal logic. The semantics is in terms of possible worlds, which, Bayart (...)
     
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  30. Four Pillars of Statisticalism.Denis M. Walsh, André Ariew & Mohan Matthen - 2017 - Philosophy, Theory, and Practice in Biology 9 (1):1-18.
    Over the past fifteen years there has been a considerable amount of debate concerning what theoretical population dynamic models tell us about the nature of natural selection and drift. On the causal interpretation, these models describe the causes of population change. On the statistical interpretation, the models of population dynamics models specify statistical parameters that explain, predict, and quantify changes in population structure, without identifying the causes of those changes. Selection and drift are part of a statistical description of population (...)
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  31.  64
    Who Says There is an Intention–Behaviour Gap? Assessing the Empirical Evidence of an Intention–Behaviour Gap in Ethical Consumption.Louise M. Hassan, Edward Shiu & Deirdre Shaw - 2016 - Journal of Business Ethics 136 (2):219-236.
    The theories of reasoned action and planned behaviour have fundamentally changed the view that attitudes directly translate into behaviour by introducing intentions as a crucial intervening stage. Much research across numerous ethical contexts has drawn on these theories to offer a better understanding of how consumers form intentions to act in an ethical way. Persistently, researchers have suggested and discussed the existence of an intention–behaviour gap in ethical consumption. Yet, the factors that influence the extent of this gap and its (...)
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  32. Motivations of the Ethical Consumer.Oliver M. Freestone & Peter J. McGoldrick - 2008 - Journal of Business Ethics 79 (4):445-467.
    There are strong indications that many consumers are switching towards more socially and environmentally responsible products and services, reflecting a shift in consumer values indicated in several countries. However, little is known about the motives that drive some toward, or deter others from, higher levels of ethical concern and action in their purchasing decisions. Following a qualitative investigation using ZMET and focus group discussions, a questionnaire was developed and administered to a representative sample of consumers; nearly 1,000 usable questionnaires were (...)
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  33.  80
    An Early History of the Heritability Coefficient Applied to Humans.Stephen M. Downes & Eric Turkheimer - 2022 - Biological Theory 17 (2):126-137.
    Fisher’s 1918 paper accomplished two distinct goals: unifying discrete Mendelian genetics with continuous biometric phenotypes and quantifying the variance components of variation in complex human characteristics. The former contributed to the foundation of modern quantitative genetics; the latter was adopted by social scientists interested in the pursuit of Galtonian nature-nurture questions about the biological and social origins of human behavior, especially human intelligence. This historical divergence has produced competing notions of the estimation of variance ratios referred to as heritability. Jay (...)
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  34.  96
    The evolution of general intelligence.Judith M. Burkart, Michèle N. Schubiger & Carel P. van Schaik - 2017 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 40:e195.
    The presence of general intelligence poses a major evolutionary puzzle, which has led to increased interest in its presence in nonhuman animals. The aim of this review is to critically evaluate this question and to explore the implications for current theories about the evolution of cognition. We first review domain-general and domain-specific accounts of human cognition in order to situate attempts to identify general intelligence in nonhuman animals. Recent studies are consistent with the presence of general intelligence in mammals (rodents (...)
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  35.  71
    10 years of BAWLing into affective and aesthetic processes in reading: what are the echoes?Arthur M. Jacobs, Melissa L.-H. Võ, Benny B. Briesemeister, Markus Conrad, Markus J. Hofmann, Lars Kuchinke, Jana Lüdtke & Mario Braun - 2015 - Frontiers in Psychology 6:127321.
    Reading is not only “cold” information processing, but involves affective and aesthetic processes that go far beyond what current models of word recognition, sentence processing, or text comprehension can explain. To investigate such “hot” reading processes, standardized instruments that quantify both psycholinguistic and emotional variables at the sublexical, lexical, inter-, and supralexical levels (e.g., phonological iconicity, word valence, arousal-span, or passage suspense) are necessary. One such instrument, the Berlin Affective Word List (BAWL) has been used in over 50 published studies (...)
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  36. Much Ado About 'Something'.Jessica M. Wilson - 2011 - Analysis 71 (1):172-188.
    Every paper in this collection is worth reading, for one reason or another. Still, due to certain problematic metametaphysical presuppositions most of these discussions miss the deeper mark, on the pessimist as well as the optimist side. My reasons for thinking this come from considering how best to answer three metametaphysical questions. First, why be pessimistic about metaphysics – why be Carnapian in a post-positivist age? There is, I’ll suggest, a post-positivist strategy for reviving Carnapian pessimism, but it is almost (...)
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  37. Ellipsis and higher-order unification.Mary Dalrymple, Stuart M. Shieber & Fernando C. N. Pereira - 1991 - Linguistics and Philosophy 14 (4):399 - 452.
    We present a new method for characterizing the interpretive possibilities generated by elliptical constructions in natural language. Unlike previous analyses, which postulate ambiguity of interpretation or derivation in the full clause source of the ellipsis, our analysis requires no such hidden ambiguity. Further, the analysis follows relatively directly from an abstract statement of the ellipsis interpretation problem. It predicts correctly a wide range of interactions between ellipsis and other semantic phenomena such as quantifier scope and bound anaphora. Finally, although (...)
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  38.  75
    Framing Event Variables.Paul M. Pietroski - 2015 - Erkenntnis 80 (1):31-60.
    Davidsonian analyses of action reports like ‘Alvin chased Theodore around a tree’ are often viewed as supporting the hypothesis that sentences of a human language H have truth conditions that can be specified by a Tarski-style theory of truth for H. But in my view, simple cases of adverbial modification add to the reasons for rejecting this hypothesis, even though Davidson rightly diagnosed many implications involving adverbs as cases of conjunct-reduction in the scope of an existential quantifier. I think (...)
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  39. Difficult Cases in the Theory of Truthmaking.D. M. Armstrong - 2000 - The Monist 83 (1):150-160.
    Analyzes difficult case in the theory of truthmaking. Account on the notion of a truthmaker by philosopher Bertrand Russell; Context of the correspondence theory of truth; Requisites of a truthmaker; Discussion on negative truths, universally quantified truths and modal truths.
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  40.  21
    An out‐of‐equilibrium definition of protein turnover.Benjamin Martin & David M. Suter - 2023 - Bioessays 45 (6):2200209.
    Protein turnover (PT) has been formally defined only in equilibrium conditions, which is ill‐suited to quantify PT during dynamic processes that occur during embryogenesis or (extra) cellular signaling. In this Hypothesis, we propose a definition of PT in an out‐of‐equilibrium regime that allows the quantification of PT in virtually any biological context. We propose a simple mathematical and conceptual framework applicable to a broad range of available data, such as RNA sequencing coupled with pulsed‐SILAC datasets. We apply our framework to (...)
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  41.  22
    Cognitive Mechanisms Underlying Recursive Pattern Processing in Human Adults.Abhishek M. Dedhe, Steven T. Piantadosi & Jessica F. Cantlon - 2023 - Cognitive Science 47 (4):e13273.
    The capacity to generate recursive sequences is a marker of rich, algorithmic cognition, and perhaps unique to humans. Yet, the precise processes driving recursive sequence generation remain mysterious. We investigated three potential cognitive mechanisms underlying recursive pattern processing: hierarchical reasoning, ordinal reasoning, and associative chaining. We developed a Bayesian mixture model to quantify the extent to which these three cognitive mechanisms contribute to adult humans’ performance in a sequence generation task. We further tested whether recursive rule discovery depends upon relational (...)
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  42.  44
    Quantity and Extension in Suárez and Descartes.Tad M. Schmaltz - 2020 - Vivarium 58 (3):168-190.
    This paper compares the development of the notion of continuous quantity in the work of Francisco Suárez and René Descartes. The discussion begins with a consideration of Suárez’s rejection of the view – common to ‘realists’ such as Thomas Aquinas and ‘nominalists’ such as William of Ockham – that quantity is inseparable from the extension of material integral parts. Crucial here is Suárez’s view that quantified extension exhibits a kind of impenetrability that distinguishes it from other kinds of extension. This (...)
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  43. Précis of Deduction.Philip N. Johnson-Laird & Ruth M. J. Byrne - 1993 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16 (2):323-333.
    How do people make deductions? The orthodox view in psychology is that they use formal rules of inference like those of a “natural deduction” system.Deductionargues that their logical competence depends, not on formal rules, but on mental models. They construct models of the situation described by the premises, using their linguistic knowledge and their general knowledge. They try to formulate a conclusion based on these models that maintains semantic information, that expresses it parsimoniously, and that makes explicit something not directly (...)
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  44.  36
    Hybrid languages and temporal logic.P. Blackburn & M. Tzakova - 1999 - Logic Journal of the IGPL 7 (1):27-54.
    Hybridization is a method invented by Arthur Prior for extending the expressive power of modal languages. Although developed in interesting ways by Robert Bull, and by the Sofia school , the method remains little known. In our view this has deprived temporal logic of a valuable tool.The aim of the paper is to explain why hybridization is useful in temporal logic. We make two major points, the first technical, the second conceptual. First, we show that hybridization gives rise to well-behaved (...)
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  45.  41
    Bias and learning in temporal binding: Intervals between actions and outcomes are compressed by prior bias.Andre M. Cravo, Hamilton Haddad, Peter Me Claessens & Marcus Vc Baldo - 2013 - Consciousness and Cognition 22 (4):1174-1180.
    It has consistently been shown that agents judge the intervals between their actions and outcomes as compressed in time, an effect named intentional binding. In the present work, we investigated whether this effect is result of prior bias volunteers have about the timing of the consequences of their actions, or if it is due to learning that occurs during the experimental session. Volunteers made temporal estimates of the interval between their action and target onset , or between two events . (...)
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  46.  21
    On the Ethics of “Non-Corporate” Insider Trading.Benjamin M. Blau, Todd G. Griffith & Ryan J. Whitby - 2021 - Journal of Business Ethics 177 (1):79-93.
    The ethical considerations of insider trading have been widely debated in the academic literature :171–182, 1990). In 2013, the STOCK Act, which was initially passed to mitigate insider trading by government officials, was quickly and unexpectedly amended to allow certain government employees to withhold their financial information. To identify and quantify the potential costs placed on investors by non-corporate insider traders, we use the unusual circumstances surrounding this amendment. For a sample of stocks most held by members of Congress, we (...)
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  47.  87
    From Environmental Ethics to Sustainable Decision-Making: Assessment of Potential Ecological Risk in Soils Around Abandoned Mining Areas-Case Study “Larga de Sus mine” (Romania).Adriana M. Chirilă Băbău, Ioana M. Sur, Valer Micle & Gianina E. Damian - 2019 - Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 32 (1):27-49.
    The present study aimed at investigating the heavy metals concentrations in the soils around “Larga de Sus” abandoned mine (Zlatna, Romania), evaluating the potential ecological risk of heavy metal pollution and highlighting ethical aspects related to risk assessment, ecological restoration, and soil remediation. The results of the chemical analysis showed that the soil in the study area is highly polluted with heavy metals since the average concentrations of Pb (32.4–2318.1 mg/kg), and Ni (321.6–562.8 mg/kg) in soil exceed their corresponding threshold (...)
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  48.  45
    Conceptualizing Endometriosis Pain Through Metaphors.Julia M. Abraham & V. Rajasekaran - 2023 - Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 66 (3):478-491.
    ABSTRACT:Biomedical and philosophical traditions postulate the experience of pain either as quantifiable or as sociocultural phenomena. This critical assessment offers a close reading of Lara Parker’s Vagina Problems: Endometriosis, Painful Sex, and Other Taboo Topics (2020) and Abby Norman’s Ask Me About My Uterus: A Quest to Make Doctors Believe in Women’s Pain (2018), analyzing the authors’ use of language as a tool to comprehend and communicate pain. Norman’s and Parker’s memoirs narrate the lived experience of endometriosis, a condition diagnosed (...)
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  49.  2
    Exploring the Broader Benefits of Obesity Prevention Community-based Interventions From the Perspective of Multiple Stakeholders.J. Jacobs, M. Nichols, N. Ward, M. Sultana, S. Allender & V. Brown - forthcoming - Health Care Analysis:1-22.
    Community-based interventions (CBIs) show promise as effective and cost-effective obesity prevention initiatives. CBIs are typically complex interventions, including multiple settings, strategies and stakeholders. Cost-effectiveness evidence, however, generally only considers a narrow range of costs and benefits associated with anthropometric outcomes. While it is recognised that the complexity of CBIs may result in broader non-health societal and community benefits, the identification, measurement, and quantification of these outcomes is limited. This study aimed to understand the perspectives of stakeholders on the broader benefits (...)
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  50.  48
    On Stevenson's if-iculties.R. M. Martin - 1972 - Philosophy of Science 39 (4):515-521.
    Professor Stevenson's valuable paper [5] calls attention to a number of discrepancies between ‘if’ in English and its usual translation into the horseshoe of material implication. “This is not a reason for distrusting the horseshoe,” he notes, “which is useful so long as it is taken to mean just what it is defined to mean; and it is not a reason for distrusting our English if's, which in spite of their ambiguities are indispensable to our daily discourse”. Accordingly, Stevenson proposes (...)
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